The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market size is projected to be valued at US$ 49.5 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach a valuation of US$ 123.3 billion by 2033. The market is also expected to record a significant CAGR of 9.6% during the forecast period.
Significant Aspects Influencing the Market
Limiting Aspects of the Market
Regardless of the various factors influencing the growth of this market, several key issues must be addressed to facilitate future growth. The relatively high total costs of developing and using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, as well as reimbursement policies, are limiting the market's growth.
| Attributes | Details |
|---|---|
| PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market CAGR | 9.6 % |
| PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Valuation (2023) | US$ 49.5 billion |
| PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market Valuation (2033) | US$ 123.3 billion |
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| Market Statistics | Details |
|---|---|
| H1,2021 (A) | 13.19% |
| H1,2022 Projected (P) | 10.71% |
| H1,2022 Outlook (O) | 9.61% |
| BPS Change: H1,2022 (O) - H1,2022 (P) | (-) 110 ↓ |
| BPS Change: H1,2022 (O) - H1,2021 (A) | (-) 349 ↓ |
According to Future Market Insights' analysis, the global PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market dropped by 349 Basis Point Share (BPS) in H1-2022 as compared to H1- 2021. Whereas in comparison to H1-2022 projected value, the market during the H1-2022 outlook period showed a dip of 110 BPS.
The drop in the BPS values is associated with the reported resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy among patients, with only a few estimated to present a positive outlook of treatment. Due to the need for developing predictive biomarkers, the industry noticed a decline in the linked BPS values with low frequencies of positive clinical outcomes. The FDA has approved 10 immune checkpoint inhibitors for the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway till 2018. The growth in FDA approvals for clinical therapy with PD1/PDL1 inhibitors is expected to provide the market landscape with a positive growth outlook for the forecast years. For instance, six anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) have received approval as of December 2020, with indications covering 19 different cancer types and two tissue-agnostic diseases.
Key developments in the market include the development of monoclonal antibodies for targeted therapeutic approaches. The market is subject to changes as per drug trial assessment and regulatory impositions, in accordance with the macro and industry standards.
Leading industry players are concentrating on the development and commercialization of novel PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to treat a variety of cancers. The expansion in the market availability of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapeutic is expected to drive the growth of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market.
The global PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors market is expected to expand due to an increase in cancer incidence. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, for example, are important Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) used as first-line treatments for a variety of cancers. Cancer was one of the leading causes of death worldwide in 2020, accounting for around ten million deaths, or nearly one in every six deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Breast, lung, colon, rectum, and prostate are the most common cancers. As a result, there is a global increase in demand for PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.
The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) estimates that older individuals (those 65 and older) have an 11-fold increased risk of cancer compared to younger individuals. According to the United Nations, there are over 703 million people aged 65 and up, with that number expected to rise to 1.5 billion by 2050. According to the most recent United Nations DESA population division estimates and projections, one in every six people in the world is likely to be over the age of 65 by 2050, up from one in every eleven in 2019.
Considering this, FMI expects the global PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market to record a CAGR of 9.6% through 2033.
Principal Consultant
The high cost of cancer immunotherapy and stringent regulatory scenario are the primary factors hampering the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market over the forecast period.
Cancer treatment costs generate substantial economic issues for healthcare providers and patients because of the impact they have on patient safety, quality of care, and overall healthcare. The high cost of cancer therapy is anticipated to slow down the rate of treatment uptake, particularly in emerging nations. The regulatory requirements are expected to be strengthened as biologics move through clinical studies and into commercial production. Biologics must be rigorously verified and monitored against critical quality attributes (CQAs) throughout the manufacturing process, not just at the end like chemistry-based medications, due to the nature of biologics, which are created by live cells. This makes it more difficult for biologics to obtain regulatory approval, which restricts market expansion.
The dominance of the United States can be attributed primarily to the rising prevalence of several chronic diseases such as lung cancers, urothelial carcinomas, skin cancer, and diabetes in the United States, which necessitated efficient treatment.
According to the American Cancer Society's 2020 report, lung cancer is the second leading cause of death for both men and women, accounting for 135,720 deaths. According to the statistics, nearly 84% of all lung cancers in the United States are NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) and 13% are SCLC (small cell lung cancer), which is expected to continue in the coming years, resulting in an increasing demand for PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in the country.
| Attributes | Details |
|---|---|
| United States Market Size (US$ million/billion) by End of Forecast Period (2033) | US$ 23.4 billion |
| United States Market Absolute Dollar Growth (US$ million/billion) | US$ 2.9 billion |
| CAGR % 2018 to 2022 | 31.0% |
| CAGR % 2023 to End of Forecast (2033) | 8.4% |
Germany is expected to expand more rapidly than the rest of Europe, owing to several clinical trials being conducted in the industry.
Organizations such as the European Medicines Agency have increased their focus on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for combination therapy and monotherapy use, intending to treat diseases in adults as well as in pediatric trials. The growing awareness of the low toxicity levels and compliance between PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and regional healthcare safety regulations can be attributed to the market's growth in Germany.
| Attributes | Details |
|---|---|
| Germany Market Size (US$ million/billion) by End of Forecast Period (2033) | US$ 3.8 billion |
| Germany Market Absolute Dollar Growth (US$ million/billion) | US$ 508.6 million |
| CAGR % 2018 to 2022 | 43.6% |
| CAGR % 2023 to End of Forecast (2033) | 10.4% |
Given its significant population base and significant private and public sector investment in healthcare infrastructure development, China is expected to expand at a relatively rapid rate during the forecast period. Also, the surge in cancer cases, combined with the growing interest in immune checkpoint inhibitors, is expected to drive market growth over the forecast period.
Besides, an increase in product launches and product innovations in oncology immunotherapy is expected to drive growth in China.
| Attributes | Details |
|---|---|
| China Market Size (US$ million/billion) by End of Forecast Period (2033) | US$ 1.8 billion |
| China Market Absolute Dollar Growth (US$ million/billion) | US$ 305.6 million |
| CAGR % 2018 to 2022 | 44.8% |
| CAGR % 2023 to End of Forecast (2033) | 14.0% |
The rising cancer incidence, increased government involvement in cancer diagnosis, the introduction of new immunotherapies with fewer side effects, and the increasing adoption of inorganic growth strategies such as collaborations, acquisitions, and mergers by key players in the market are the primary factors expected to drive the growth of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market in India during the forecast period.
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Pembrolizumab, out of all the products in the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors market, is expected to expand significantly due to increased adoption of the product over the other products.
Pembrolizumab's increased use is due to its proven efficacy in treating various FDA-approved indications such as head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, and others since its approval in 2014. This is boosting the segment's growth over the forecast period. Significant investments in the development of this product by key players are driving segment sales over the forecast period.
The growth of the hospital pharmacy segment is due to massive orders, robust supply chains, and hospital facilities' efforts to maintain large-scale inventories for cancer therapy applications. Also, the presence of advanced equipment and the availability of well-developed infrastructure contribute to the segment's growth. Besides, as more patients are admitted to hospitals for cancer treatment, the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in hospitals is increasing, thus boosting sales in hospital pharmacies.
NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) accounts for around 80% to 85% of all cases of lung cancer worldwide, and this significant share has encouraged several key players to focus on continuous innovation of advanced therapeutics and improving the efficacy of existing therapeutics. Growing NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) diagnoses and rising awareness in developing and developed markets are driving the growth of the non-small cell lung cancer segment.
The global adoption of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has prompted companies to invest in the development of products in the PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy segment for cancer treatment. Merck & Co., Inc. has been a pioneer in this field and a significant competitor in this market due to its diverse product portfolio and intense market penetration.
Recent Developments
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Forecast Period | 2023 to 2033 |
| Historical Data Available for | 2018 to 2022 |
| Market Analysis | US$ million for Value |
| Key Countries Covered | United States, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, GCC Countries, Türkiye, Northern Africa, and South Africa |
| Key Segments Covered | Product, Indication, Distribution Channel, Region |
| Key Companies Profiled | Akeso Inc.; Alphamab Oncology; Amgen Inc.; AstraZeneca Plc; BeiGene Ltd.; Bristol Myers Squibb Co.; Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.; Eli Lilly and Co.; F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.; Gilead Sciences Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline Plc; Innovent Biologics Inc.; Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd.; o Merck and Co. Inc. |
| Report Coverage | Market Forecast, Company Share Analysis, Competition Intelligence, DROT Analysis, Market Dynamics and Challenges, and Strategic Growth Initiatives |
| Customization & Pricing | Available upon Request |
The market is valued at US$ 49.5 billion in 2023.
The market is anticipated to record a CAGR of 9.6%.
Germany is expected to account for 26.7% of the market in 2023.
The market is estimated to reach US$ 123.3 billion.
The United States is projected to expand at a CAGR of 8.4% over the forecast period.
1. Executive Summary | PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market 1.1. Global Market Outlook 1.2. Demand-side Trends 1.3. Supply-side Trends 1.4. Technology Roadmap Analysis 1.5. Analysis and Recommendations 2. Market Overview 2.1. Market Coverage / Taxonomy 2.2. Market Definition / Scope / Limitations 3. Market Background 3.1. Market Dynamics 3.1.1. Drivers 3.1.2. Restraints 3.1.3. Opportunity 3.1.4. Trends 3.2. Scenario Forecast 3.2.1. Demand in Optimistic Scenario 3.2.2. Demand in Likely Scenario 3.2.3. Demand in Conservative Scenario 3.3. Opportunity Map Analysis 3.4. Investment Feasibility Matrix 3.5. PESTLE and Porter’s Analysis 3.6. Regulatory Landscape 3.6.1. By Key Regions 3.6.2. By Key Countries 3.7. Regional Parent Market Outlook 4. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast, 2023 to 2033 4.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis, 2018 to 2022 4.2. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Million) Projections, 2023 to 2033 4.2.1. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis 4.2.2. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis 5. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Drug Class 5.1. Introduction / Key Findings 5.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis By Drug Class, 2018 to 2022 5.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis and Forecast By Drug Class, 2023 to 2033 5.3.1. Nivolumab 5.3.2. Pembrolizumab 5.3.3. Atezolizumab 5.3.4. Avelumab 5.3.5. Durvalumab 5.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Drug Class, 2018 to 2022 5.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Drug Class, 2023 to 2033 6. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Indication 6.1. Introduction / Key Findings 6.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis By Indication, 2018 to 2022 6.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis and Forecast By Indication, 2023 to 2033 6.3.1. Melanoma 6.3.2. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 6.3.3. Renal Cell Carcinoma 6.3.4. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer 6.3.5. Bladder Cancer 6.3.6. Merkel Cell Carcinoma 6.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Indication, 2018 to 2022 6.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Indication, 2023 to 2033 7. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Distribution Channel 7.1. Introduction / Key Findings 7.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis By Distribution Channel , 2018 to 2022 7.3. Current and Future Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis and Forecast By Distribution Channel , 2023 to 2033 7.3.1. Hospital Pharmacies 7.3.2. Retail Pharmacies 7.3.3. Online Pharmacies 7.4. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis By Distribution Channel , 2018 to 2022 7.5. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis By Distribution Channel , 2023 to 2033 8. Global Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Region 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis By Region, 2018 to 2022 8.3. Current Market Size Value (US$ Million) Analysis and Forecast By Region, 2023 to 2033 8.3.1. North America 8.3.2. Latin America 8.3.3. Europe 8.3.4. South Asia 8.3.5. East Asia 8.3.6. Oceania 8.3.7. MEA 8.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region 9. North America Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country 9.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022 9.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033 9.2.1. By Country 9.2.1.1. USA 9.2.1.2. Canada 9.2.2. By Drug Class 9.2.3. By Indication 9.2.4. By Distribution Channel 9.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis 9.3.1. By Country 9.3.2. By Drug Class 9.3.3. By Indication 9.3.4. By Distribution Channel 9.4. Key Takeaways 10. Latin America Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country 10.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022 10.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033 10.2.1. By Country 10.2.1.1. Brazil 10.2.1.2. Mexico 10.2.1.3. Rest of Latin America 10.2.2. By Drug Class 10.2.3. By Indication 10.2.4. By Distribution Channel 10.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis 10.3.1. By Country 10.3.2. By Drug Class 10.3.3. By Indication 10.3.4. By Distribution Channel 10.4. Key Takeaways 11. Europe Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country 11.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022 11.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033 11.2.1. By Country 11.2.1.1. Germany 11.2.1.2. United kingdom 11.2.1.3. France 11.2.1.4. Spain 11.2.1.5. Italy 11.2.1.6. Rest of Europe 11.2.2. By Drug Class 11.2.3. By Indication 11.2.4. By Distribution Channel 11.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis 11.3.1. By Country 11.3.2. By Drug Class 11.3.3. By Indication 11.3.4. By Distribution Channel 11.4. Key Takeaways 12. South Asia Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country 12.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022 12.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033 12.2.1. By Country 12.2.1.1. India 12.2.1.2. Malaysia 12.2.1.3. Singapore 12.2.1.4. Thailand 12.2.1.5. Rest of South Asia 12.2.2. By Drug Class 12.2.3. By Indication 12.2.4. By Distribution Channel 12.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis 12.3.1. By Country 12.3.2. By Drug Class 12.3.3. By Indication 12.3.4. By Distribution Channel 12.4. Key Takeaways 13. East Asia Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country 13.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022 13.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033 13.2.1. By Country 13.2.1.1. China 13.2.1.2. Japan 13.2.1.3. South Korea 13.2.2. By Drug Class 13.2.3. By Indication 13.2.4. By Distribution Channel 13.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis 13.3.1. By Country 13.3.2. By Drug Class 13.3.3. By Indication 13.3.4. By Distribution Channel 13.4. Key Takeaways 14. Oceania Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country 14.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022 14.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033 14.2.1. By Country 14.2.1.1. Australia 14.2.1.2. New Zealand 14.2.2. By Drug Class 14.2.3. By Indication 14.2.4. By Distribution Channel 14.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis 14.3.1. By Country 14.3.2. By Drug Class 14.3.3. By Indication 14.3.4. By Distribution Channel 14.4. Key Takeaways 15. MEA Market Analysis 2018 to 2022 and Forecast 2023 to 2033, By Country 15.1. Historical Market Size Value (US$ Million) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2018 to 2022 15.2. Market Size Value (US$ Million) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2023 to 2033 15.2.1. By Country 15.2.1.1. GCC Countries 15.2.1.2. South Africa 15.2.1.3. Israel 15.2.1.4. Rest of MEA 15.2.2. By Drug Class 15.2.3. By Indication 15.2.4. By Distribution Channel 15.3. Market Attractiveness Analysis 15.3.1. By Country 15.3.2. By Drug Class 15.3.3. By Indication 15.3.4. By Distribution Channel 15.4. Key Takeaways 16. Key Countries Market Analysis 16.1. USA 16.1.1. Pricing Analysis 16.1.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.1.2.1. By Drug Class 16.1.2.2. By Indication 16.1.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.2. Canada 16.2.1. Pricing Analysis 16.2.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.2.2.1. By Drug Class 16.2.2.2. By Indication 16.2.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.3. Brazil 16.3.1. Pricing Analysis 16.3.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.3.2.1. By Drug Class 16.3.2.2. By Indication 16.3.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.4. Mexico 16.4.1. Pricing Analysis 16.4.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.4.2.1. By Drug Class 16.4.2.2. By Indication 16.4.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.5. Germany 16.5.1. Pricing Analysis 16.5.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.5.2.1. By Drug Class 16.5.2.2. By Indication 16.5.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.6. United kingdom 16.6.1. Pricing Analysis 16.6.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.6.2.1. By Drug Class 16.6.2.2. By Indication 16.6.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.7. France 16.7.1. Pricing Analysis 16.7.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.7.2.1. By Drug Class 16.7.2.2. By Indication 16.7.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.8. Spain 16.8.1. Pricing Analysis 16.8.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.8.2.1. By Drug Class 16.8.2.2. By Indication 16.8.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.9. Italy 16.9.1. Pricing Analysis 16.9.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.9.2.1. By Drug Class 16.9.2.2. By Indication 16.9.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.10. India 16.10.1. Pricing Analysis 16.10.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.10.2.1. By Drug Class 16.10.2.2. By Indication 16.10.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.11. Malaysia 16.11.1. Pricing Analysis 16.11.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.11.2.1. By Drug Class 16.11.2.2. By Indication 16.11.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.12. Singapore 16.12.1. Pricing Analysis 16.12.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.12.2.1. By Drug Class 16.12.2.2. By Indication 16.12.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.13. Thailand 16.13.1. Pricing Analysis 16.13.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.13.2.1. By Drug Class 16.13.2.2. By Indication 16.13.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.14. China 16.14.1. Pricing Analysis 16.14.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.14.2.1. By Drug Class 16.14.2.2. By Indication 16.14.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.15. Japan 16.15.1. Pricing Analysis 16.15.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.15.2.1. By Drug Class 16.15.2.2. By Indication 16.15.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.16. South Korea 16.16.1. Pricing Analysis 16.16.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.16.2.1. By Drug Class 16.16.2.2. By Indication 16.16.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.17. Australia 16.17.1. Pricing Analysis 16.17.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.17.2.1. By Drug Class 16.17.2.2. By Indication 16.17.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.18. New Zealand 16.18.1. Pricing Analysis 16.18.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.18.2.1. By Drug Class 16.18.2.2. By Indication 16.18.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.19. GCC Countries 16.19.1. Pricing Analysis 16.19.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.19.2.1. By Drug Class 16.19.2.2. By Indication 16.19.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.20. South Africa 16.20.1. Pricing Analysis 16.20.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.20.2.1. By Drug Class 16.20.2.2. By Indication 16.20.2.3. By Distribution Channel 16.21. Israel 16.21.1. Pricing Analysis 16.21.2. Market Share Analysis, 2022 16.21.2.1. By Drug Class 16.21.2.2. By Indication 16.21.2.3. By Distribution Channel 17. Market Structure Analysis 17.1. Competition Dashboard 17.2. Competition Benchmarking 17.3. Market Share Analysis of Top Players 17.3.1. By Regional 17.3.2. By Drug Class 17.3.3. By Indication 17.3.4. By Distribution Channel 18. Competition Analysis 18.1. Competition Deep Dive 18.1.1. Merck Co. & Inc. 18.1.1.1. Overview 18.1.1.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.1.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.1.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.1.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.1.5.1. Marketing Strategy 18.1.2. Bristol-Myers Squibb 18.1.2.1. Overview 18.1.2.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.2.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.2.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.2.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.2.5.1. Marketing Strategy 18.1.3. F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG 18.1.3.1. Overview 18.1.3.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.3.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.3.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.3.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.3.5.1. Marketing Strategy 18.1.4. AstraZeneca Plc. 18.1.4.1. Overview 18.1.4.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.4.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.4.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.4.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.4.5.1. Marketing Strategy 18.1.5. Pfizer Inc. 18.1.5.1. Overview 18.1.5.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.5.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.5.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.5.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.5.5.1. Marketing Strategy 18.1.6. Merck KGaA 18.1.6.1. Overview 18.1.6.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.6.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.6.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.6.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.6.5.1. Marketing Strategy 18.1.7. Sanofi AG 18.1.7.1. Overview 18.1.7.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.7.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.7.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.7.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.7.5.1. Marketing Strategy 18.1.8. Amgen Inc. 18.1.8.1. Overview 18.1.8.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.8.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.8.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.8.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.8.5.1. Marketing Strategy 18.1.9. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. 18.1.9.1. Overview 18.1.9.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.9.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.9.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.9.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.9.5.1. Marketing Strategy 18.1.10. Novartis AG 18.1.10.1. Overview 18.1.10.2. Product Portfolio 18.1.10.3. Profitability by Market Segments 18.1.10.4. Sales Footprint 18.1.10.5. Strategy Overview 18.1.10.5.1. Marketing Strategy 19. Assumptions & Acronyms Used 20. Research Methodology
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PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Market
