FMI predicted the neuromodulation closed-loop brain-computer interfaces market was valued at USD 390.0 million in 2025. The industry is expected to reach USD 460.0 million in 2026 and USD 2,100 million by 2036. Implantable responsive neurostimulation systems are poised to lead by device modality with 41.0% share in 2026 and sensing + adaptive stimulation closed-loop systems are poised to dominate by signal and control architecture through the forecast period.