Polymer Modified Bitumen Market

How big is the Polymer Modified Bitumen Market in 2026?

The global Polymer Modified Bitumen Market is forecast to reach USD 23.4 billion by 2036, from USD 14.8 billion in 2026, compared with USD 14.1 billion in 2025, at a 4.7% CAGR from 2026 to 2036. Road-network expansion, resurfacing and demand for binders suited to heavy traffic support the outlook. China's national road plan targets 461,000 km by 2035, including construction or restoration of nearly 58,000 km of expressways and 110,000 km of highways. (State Council of China) FHWA's USD 62 billion FY2025 allocation covers roads, bridges and tunnels rather than modified-binder purchases alone. FMI's 2026 assessment assigns thermoplastic elastomers 62.0% by polymer type, road construction 76.2% by application and producer-direct sales 71.4% by sales channel.

Performance qualification limits conversion of infrastructure spending into modified-binder orders: project specifications determine the grade purchased, and competing binder compositions remain available. FHWA describes agencies using performance requirements rather than minimum polymer content. OMV Petrom's August 2025 Romanian partnerships illustrate a supplier response, with additional storage and local Starfalt PmB production intended to support its goal of doubling domestic bitumen supply. Its under-24-hour stock-delivery commitment is a company plan, rather than evidence of a completed market-wide capacity increase.

Key Market Trends & Insights

• TotalEnergies offers ALTEK PMB for carpet backing and roofing, alongside AQUALT PMB for emulsion manufacture. Those separate product ranges create industrial purchasing requirements beyond road-paving grades and support formulation-specific supply relationships. [17]
• Shell India's published bitumen terms apply to individual accepted orders and do not automatically establish an ongoing purchasing relationship. Direct sales therefore need not mean long-term contracts; order acceptance and delivery commitments remain separate purchasing considerations. [14]
• TotalEnergies' October 2020 description of Bitumen Online includes fixed-price forward purchasing as well as order and delivery management. This separates customers' price commitments from the timing of physical supply, a relevant commercial distinction for scheduled paving programs. [15]

Regional Highlights

• East and South Asia offer substantial underlying paving programs, with China's national road target extending to 2035 and India's reported FY2023-24 construction reaching 12,349 km. These public records support demand from construction and restoration, while actual modified-binder orders depend on project specifications and delivery schedules. [1][3]
• Europe's infrastructure purchasing follows several completion horizons. The EU's revised TEN-T framework sets 2030, 2040 and 2050 deadlines for its network layers, including road connections. These are transport-network obligations rather than requirements to buy a particular polymer chemistry, leaving suppliers to compete for the grades specified in individual projects. [18]

Table 1: Polymer Modified Bitumen Market Size and Forecast (USD billion and CAGR percentage), 2025 to 2036

Market size and forecast	Value
Market size in 2025	USD 14.1 billion
Estimated market size in 2026	USD 14.8 billion
Projected market size by 2036	USD 23.4 billion
CAGR from 2026 to 2036	4.7%

Source: Future Market Insights, Polymer Modified Bitumen Market, 2026 to 2036.

Analyst Perspective

“Road buyers need a modified binder that meets the specified pavement performance and can be produced consistently throughout the contract. Polymer selection, testing and delivery conditions should be assessed together, because a low price offers limited value if the material fails the project's requirements.”

- Nikhil Kaitwade, Principal Consultant, FMI

How is the Polymer Modified Bitumen Market segmented?

The report covers polymer-modified bitumen used in road, roofing, waterproofing and adhesive applications, classified by polymer type, application, sales channel, binder type and region. Sales channels distinguish producer-direct sales from sales through independent distributors or resellers. Unmodified penetration-grade bitumen, cutback bitumen, standard emulsions without polymers, and aggregate mining equipment are excluded.

• By Polymer Type: Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE); Plastomers; Thermosetting Polymers; Others.
• By Application: Road Construction; Roofing; Waterproofing; Adhesives.
• By Sales Channel: Producer-direct sales; Distributor/reseller sales.
• By Binder Type: SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene); APP (Atactic Polypropylene); SBR (Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber); Natural Rubber.
• By Region: North America; Latin America; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; East Asia; South Asia and Pacific; Middle East and Africa.

Why do thermoplastic elastomers lead by polymer type?

Thermoplastic elastomers hold 62.0% of the Polymer Modified Bitumen Market by polymer type in 2026, according to FMI's assessment.

Pavement specifications place value on elastic recovery and resistance to permanent deformation. FHWA's guidance describes agencies using rheological and recovery criteria to qualify highly modified binders. [13] Elastomer suppliers therefore compete on documented performance in the specified asphalt mix, alongside their ability to supply a consistent formulation.

The SBS block copolymer group is part of this wider elastomer family. Kraton's CirKular+ paving-series launch addresses reclaimed-asphalt compatibility in surface layers, an example of modifier development around a specific paving requirement. [6]

Plastomers, thermosetting polymers and other categories hold the remaining 38.0% in FMI's polymer-type assessment.

The broad polymer family and an individual binder chemistry describe related levels of the same materials taxonomy.

Table 2: Polymer Modified Bitumen Market Share by Polymer Type, 2026 (percentage)

Leading Share	2026 market share
Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE)	62.0%
All Other Segments Combined Share	38.0%

Source: Future Market Insights, Polymer Modified Bitumen Market, 2026 to 2036.

Why does road construction lead by application?

Road construction accounts for 76.2% of the Polymer Modified Bitumen Market by application in 2026, according to FMI's assessment.

Highway programs purchase road aggregates and other construction inputs alongside binder. China's national plan covers construction or restoration of expressways and highways, creating work on both new routes and existing surfaces. [1] US formula funding covers roads, bridges and tunnels, with the surfacing portion supporting a separate material-order schedule. [2]

India's 12,349 km of national-highway construction in FY2023-24 provides a further measure of the paving channel. [3] Binder orders follow the surfacing packages and grades released for those works.

Roofing, waterproofing and adhesives collectively hold the remaining 23.8% in FMI's application comparison, with different processing and delivery requirements from road surfacing.

Table 3: Polymer Modified Bitumen Market Share by Application, 2026 (percentage)

Leading Share	2026 market share
Road Construction	76.2%
All Other Segments Combined Share	23.8%

Source: Future Market Insights, Polymer Modified Bitumen Market, 2026 to 2036.

Why do producer-direct sales lead by sales channel?

Producer-direct sales account for 71.4% of the Polymer Modified Bitumen Market by sales channel in 2026, according to FMI's assessment.

Large paving buyers and industrial processors order defined grades with delivery and product-documentation requirements. Purchasing from the producer or its controlled sales subsidiary keeps those commercial obligations with that supplier. Shell's published bitumen terms describe specification, collection, payment and resale arrangements, illustrating the distinction between a consuming buyer and a title-taking reseller. [14]

TotalEnergies describes customer ordering and delivery tracking through Bitumen Online, and offers bespoke polymer-modified grades for industrial applications. [15][17] Independent distributors and resellers remain material where they aggregate purchases and supply customers from local stock. Colas describes a procurement and distribution network spanning producer and customer locations. [16] Third-party transport alone does not make an order indirect: the distinction is whether an independent intermediary takes title for resale. The sales-channel comparison covers modified-binder sales and excludes completed road contracts and finished-membrane resale.

Table 4: Polymer Modified Bitumen Market Share by Sales Channel, 2026 (percentage)

Leading Share	2026 market share
Producer-direct sales	71.4%
All Other Segments Combined Share	28.6%

Source: Future Market Insights, Polymer Modified Bitumen Market, 2026 to 2036.

Why does SBS lead by binder type?

SBS holds 55.0% of the Polymer Modified Bitumen Market by binder type in 2026, according to FMI's assessment.

The SBS-based styrenic block copolymer classification belongs within the broader elastomer family. Kraton's paving-series launch addresses reclaimed-asphalt compatibility, while OMV Petrom's Romanian plan concerns an elastomer-modified binder. [6][7] The latter announcement does not identify a particular SBS formulation.

Sika's HB79 membrane provides a specific SBS application: its lower layer uses SBS, while the upper layer uses APAO. Sika attributes cold-weather flexibility and elongation to the SBS layer. [8] That hybrid construction illustrates the use of complementary chemistries in a membrane.

APP, SBR and natural rubber hold the remaining 45.0% in FMI's binder-type comparison.

Binder chemistry and the broad polymer family describe the material, while application and sales channel classify where and how it is sold.

Table 5: Polymer Modified Bitumen Market Share by Binder Type, 2026 (percentage)

Leading Share	2026 market share
SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene)	55.0%
All Other Segments Combined Share	45.0%

Source: Future Market Insights, Polymer Modified Bitumen Market, 2026 to 2036.

What are the key drivers restraints and opportunities?

The forecast adds USD 8.6 billion between 2026 and 2036. Road construction and restoration underpin the demand case, performance qualification limits substitution between binder products, and higher reclaimed-asphalt content creates a separate product-development opportunity.

Driver

The road channel combines additional capacity with restoration of existing routes. China's national plan targets construction or restoration through 2035; FHWA's FY2025 allocation provides a separate infrastructure funding base in the United States. [1][2] Neither record specifies the polymer content of all pavements. Suppliers capture orders when the funded works reach surfacing contracts and approved binder grades, rather than simply when a government announces a program.

Restraint

Performance qualification constrains substitution between binder products. FHWA describes agency performance-grade specifications and tests for highly modified asphalt, distinguishing voluntary standards from federal legal requirements. [13] A formulation meeting one specification is not automatically suitable for another project. OMV Petrom's storage partnership highlights the additional importance of material availability, although the announcement does not quantify a nationwide shortage. [7]

Opportunity

Suppliers have an opportunity to qualify formulations for projects seeking greater reclaimed asphalt pavement use while retaining pavement performance. Kraton's CirKular+ launch claims compatibility with up to 50% or more reclaimed asphalt in surface layers. [6] This is a company product claim rather than proof of a universal European tender requirement. Bio-based alternatives form a separate opportunity: Fraport's cited trial concerns a monitored airport application, not established market-wide adoption. [10]

How do quality requirements affect polymer modified bitumen purchasing?

Quality rules determine eligibility for a contract. Florida DOT's FY2026-27 specification, Section 916, requires covered products to appear on its Approved Product List and requires the listed performance-graded binders to meet AASHTO M 332. [19] For work governed by that specification, a supplier needs the approved product and compliant grade before price and delivery can decide the order. These are Florida contract requirements; they are not a worldwide polymer prescription. FHWA separately describes the different performance approaches used by road agencies. [13]

What limits reliable polymer modified bitumen supply and performance?

Qualification, storage and delivery each affect whether modified bitumen is available for a particular contract. FHWA's highly modified asphalt guidance describes agency performance-grade and elastic-recovery testing approaches. [13] OMV Petrom's August 2025 announcement pairs planned local production with added storage and a stock-delivery target below 24 hours. [7] This supports a specific regional logistics strategy without demonstrating universal delivery performance or a market-wide feedstock shortage.

Where can suppliers win additional business?

Additional business depends on qualifying an offer for a specific purchasing channel. Reclaimed-asphalt formulations address paving projects that accept greater recycled content; Kraton's launch provides one example. [6] Roofing and waterproofing require a separate route through membrane specifications and contractor distribution. Sika's October 2026 acquisition of Dubai membrane producer Duproof adds an existing production site and contractor relationships to that route. [12] It does not disclose additional output capacity or establish a market-wide demand increase.

Polymer Modified Bitumen Market by Country (2026 to 2036)

Table 6: Polymer Modified Bitumen Market Country Growth Forecast (CAGR percentage), 2026 to 2036

Country	CAGR
India	5.8%
China	5.2%
Indonesia	4.9%
USA	4.1%
Germany	3.5%

Source: Future Market Insights, Polymer Modified Bitumen Market, 2026 to 2036.

What is driving India's polymer modified bitumen demand?

India's highway program combines construction of routes with expansion of existing corridors. MoRTH's Annual Report 2024-25 records 12,349 km of national-highway construction in FY2023-24, the second-highest total after 13,327 km in FY2020-21. It separately reports 9,642 km of lane augmentation and 5,193 km of roads with four or more lanes in FY2023-24. [3] Those measures describe different forms of work and are not additive. For binder suppliers, lane widening and new road construction create different surfacing packages within the same national program.

FMI forecasts 5.8% annual market growth for India from 2026 to 2036, supported by this combination of route construction and capacity upgrades. The commercial issue is the amount of approved surfacing work released to contractors, rather than national road length alone. A wider paved corridor changes material requirements even where the route remains the same length. Suppliers following these projects need to distinguish the chosen binder grade, paved width and construction stage when assessing the orders associated with a highway package.

The report also records 8,581 km of awards in FY2023-24. [3] Awards describe the pipeline entering construction, while the 12,349 km construction figure describes work delivered during the year. Tracking both gives suppliers a clearer view of future packages and current dispatch needs. The historical program supports the market argument without fixing the timing or polymer content of every future contract.

How is China's 2035 road network target shaping demand?

China's national road plan sets a physical target of about 461,000 km by 2035, comprising 162,000 km of national expressways and 299,000 km of highways. Nearly 58,000 expressway kilometres and 110,000 highway kilometres are identified for construction or restoration. [1] The presence of both work types matters to modified-binder suppliers: a new route brings an initial paving package, while restoration brings replacement surfacing on an established corridor. The plan's construction-or-restoration figures are not measures of restoration alone.

FMI's 5.2% CAGR forecast for China from 2026 to 2036 is associated with this combined construction and renewal channel. The 2035 network objective gives suppliers a planning reference across several paving seasons. Order release still follows individual projects, their approved grades and their construction schedules. A supplier serving restoration work needs dispatch capacity aligned with the work window; one bidding for a new corridor must follow the sequence of civil works before the paving stage.

The plan also includes economical resource use, green development and management of local-government debt risks. [1] These priorities bring financing and material efficiency into the same program. They support attention to the cost and performance of the completed pavement, while leaving product selection to the relevant project requirements. FMI therefore connects the forecast to the road-development program and its execution, with the plan's 2035 target distinguished from the report's 2036 revenue horizon.

Why does Indonesia's toll-road financing model support steady growth?

Indonesia's Trans-Sumatra program has a specific state-equity funding route. The coordinating ministry's 2024 performance report records Rp 18.6 trillion of additional capital participation for PT Hutama Karya under Government Regulation PP 18/2024. It identifies eight first-phase road sections and the Palembang-Betung section within Kayu Agung-Palembang-Betung as uses of the funding. The latter is allocated Rp 13.427 trillion. [4] This concentration gives suppliers a named set of construction packages to follow, rather than an undifferentiated national infrastructure budget.

FMI forecasts 4.9% annual growth for Indonesia from 2026 to 2036. The commercial link is the progression of funded sections into paving and the release of their specified material orders. The first-phase coverage includes sections of Binjai-Langsa, Sigli-Banda Aceh and Pekanbaru-Padang. [4] A supplier needs to follow the work stage and dispatch requirements of each section because capital participation reaches road construction through a contractor's project program.

The same government report records company capital expenditure of Rp 12.06 trillion through the third quarter of 2024. [4] That is a company spending measure, distinct from the additional state-equity allocation and from binder purchases. Reading the project coverage alongside expenditure helps separate available financing from work execution. FMI's growth assessment rests on delivery of the road program over time, with future capital approvals and the specifications of individual surfacing contracts determining the material opportunity.

What does formula-based federal funding mean for US demand?

The United States allocates part of its highway infrastructure funding through federal formulas. FHWA announced USD 62 billion for FY2025 across 12 formula programs serving all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. That was USD 18.8 billion above FY2021, the last fiscal year before the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. The allocation covers road, bridge and tunnel work. [2] For modified-binder producers, the relevant demand arises from the paving packages within those programs, with project selection and contract awards remaining separate decisions.

Material approval then determines which suppliers may serve a particular contract. Florida DOT's FY2026-27 framework provides one state example of approval and grade-compliance requirements. [19] Producer access therefore depends on the specified product as well as on the amount of public funding. This separates two commercial questions: whether a project is financed and whether the offered binder is eligible for its surfacing work.

FMI forecasts a 4.1% CAGR for the United States from 2026 to 2036. The outlook links infrastructure work to qualified material supply, rather than treating the FY2025 allocation as a recurring ten-year order. Suppliers need to follow state programs and awarded packages through the paving stage. The mix of roads, bridges and tunnels also means that equal infrastructure allocations need not generate equal binder orders. The grade selected and the surfacing scope determine the portion reaching this market.

How does Germany's new infrastructure fund change the policy picture?

Germany's EUR 500 billion infrastructure and climate-neutrality fund creates several routes for public investment. Its structure assigns EUR 100 billion to the Länder and municipalities, EUR 100 billion to the Climate and Transformation Fund, and EUR 300 billion to federal investment. [5] The constitutional change was approved in March 2025; the fund took effect retroactively from January 2025, with the conditions for using it applying from October 2025. Funds may be approved across a twelve-year window. [5] The framework therefore extends beyond a single annual budget.

For modified-bitumen suppliers, the important part is the road and bridge work financed within that wider program. Rail, education, digital and climate projects also share its investment capacity. The federal and Länder components create different channels through which a road project can receive funding, so the national headline total is not a single material-procurement program. Suppliers need to follow the road-specific allocations and contracts of the authorities responsible for the works.

FMI's 3.5% CAGR forecast for Germany from 2026 to 2036 reflects this infrastructure opportunity while distinguishing financing capacity from surfacing orders. The twelve-year approval window overlaps much of the forecast, but does not specify when contractors will require each binder grade. Orders follow the work awarded, the surface design and the construction schedule. The forecast is therefore associated with execution of the relevant road program, rather than a claim that the full fund becomes bitumen revenue.

Who are the notable companies in the Polymer Modified Bitumen Market?

OMV Petrom, Sika Corporation, Kraton Corporation and Nynas AB occupy different positions in the supply chain. OMV Petrom's August 2025 Romanian partnerships combine planned local modified-binder production with additional storage and a delivery commitment. The announcement sets a goal to double domestic bitumen supplied, rather than quantifying a completed output increase. [7] Sika supplies finished roofing and waterproofing systems: its February 2025 US SikaShield launch combines APAO and SBS membrane technologies, while the October 2026 Duproof acquisition adds an existing UAE production site. [8][12] Kraton supplies specialty polymer and paving products; its CirKular+ launch addresses reclaimed-asphalt compatibility. It does not establish a supplier relationship with the specific OMV or Sika products cited here. [6] Nynas produces bitumen and naphthenic specialty oils. Its May 2025 results announcement reports 2024 adjusted EBITDA of 1,333 MSEK, three plants with 95–99% reliability, and limited direct exposure to US tariffs, within its stated European focus. [9] FMI's 2026 assessment separately assigns TotalEnergies a 14.0% company share. These companies participate at different points in the chain, so finished-system distribution and upstream modifier sales should not be mistaken for equivalent shares of every binder contract. Directa Plus' 2024 annual report describes GiPave's use at Imola and selection for Rome resurfacing, placing the Directa Plus-Iterchimica technology partnership in this paving chain. [11]

Key Developments in the Polymer Modified Bitumen Market

• On 26 October 2026, Sika announced its acquisition of Duproof, a Dubai-based manufacturer of bituminous waterproofing membranes. The transaction adds an existing production site and contractor relationships to Sika's UAE offering; no additional output capacity was quantified. [12]

Key Players in the Polymer Modified Bitumen Market

• TotalEnergies SE
• Shell Bitumen
• ExxonMobil
• Sika AG
• Nynas AB
• Kraton Corporation
• OMV Petrom
• Iterchimica
• Directa Plus

Polymer Modified Bitumen Market Report Scope

Table 7: Polymer Modified Bitumen Market Report Scope (coverage fields and definitions)

Coverage field	Report scope
Market definition	Polymer-modified bitumen within the listed material, application and sales-channel categories; excludes unmodified penetration-grade bitumen, cutback bitumen, polymer-free standard emulsions and aggregate mining equipment.
Polymer Type	Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE); Plastomers; Thermosetting Polymers; Others
Application	Road Construction; Roofing; Waterproofing; Adhesives
Binder Type	SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene); APP (Atactic Polypropylene); SBR (Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber); Natural Rubber
Regions covered	North America; Latin America; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; East Asia; South Asia and Pacific; Middle East and Africa
Profiled markets	India, China, Indonesia, USA, Germany
Companies covered	TotalEnergies SE; Shell Bitumen; ExxonMobil; Sika AG; Nynas AB; Kraton Corporation; OMV Petrom; Iterchimica; Directa Plus
Market analysis	Demand drivers, restraints, opportunities, purchasing rules and operational constraints.
Sales channel	Producer-direct sales; distributor/reseller sales. Producer-controlled sales subsidiaries remain direct; independent intermediaries taking title for resale are indirect.
Quantitative Units	USD billion

Source: Future Market Insights, Polymer Modified Bitumen Market, 2026 to 2036.

Polymer Modified Bitumen Market Research Methodology

The Polymer Modified Bitumen Market assessment combines public infrastructure records, company disclosures and FMI's market analysis. It covers polymer type, application, sales channel and binder chemistry within the stated product and geographical boundaries. Public spending and project activity provide demand context; company announcements establish the scope and status of the cited products and investments.

Polymer Modified Bitumen Market by Segments

Polymer Modified Bitumen Market segmented by Polymer Type:

• Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE)
• Plastomers
• Thermosetting Polymers
• Others

Polymer Modified Bitumen Market segmented by Application:

• Road Construction
• Roofing
• Waterproofing
• Adhesives

Polymer Modified Bitumen Market segmented by Sales Channel:

• Producer-direct sales
• Distributor/reseller sales

Polymer Modified Bitumen Market segmented by Binder Type:

• SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene)
• APP (Atactic Polypropylene)
• SBR (Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber)
• Natural Rubber

Polymer Modified Bitumen Market by Region

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Rest of Latin America
• Western Europe
  • Germany
  • United Kingdom
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Benelux
  • Nordics
  • Rest of Western Europe
• Eastern Europe
  • Poland
  • Czech Republic
  • Romania
  • Rest of Eastern Europe
• East Asia
  • China
  • Japan
  • South Korea
• South Asia and Pacific
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • ASEAN
  • Australia and New Zealand
  • Rest of South Asia and Pacific
• Middle East and Africa
  • GCC Countries
  • South Africa
  • Türkiye
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa

Research Sources and Bibliography

• [1] National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Transport (China). National road network plan, reported as China aims to build modern national road network by 2035 on the State Council official portal. 12 July 2022.
• [2] US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Investing in America: Biden-Harris Administration Sends $62 Billion to States from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for America's Infrastructure. 1 October 2024.
• [3] Government of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Annual Report 2024-25, section 2.3: Sustained Pace of Award and Construction of National Highway. 2025. Accessed 2 November 2026. https://morth.gov.in/backend/documents/uploaded/1755600919_Annual-Report-English-with-Cover.pdf
• [4] Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs, Indonesia, Deputy for State-Owned Enterprise Business Development, Research and Innovation. 2024 Performance Report, PT Hutama Karya capital participation and Trans-Sumatra project coverage, page 45. Accessed 2 November 2026. https://kinerja.ekon.go.id/perencanaan/download/lakip-1626-2024-hOw3h.pdf
• [5] Bundesregierung (Federal Government of Germany). Sondervermögen für Infrastruktur und Klimaneutralität. 2025.
• [6] Kraton Corporation. Kraton Launches CirKular+ Paving Circularity Series for Reclaimed Asphalt Reuse Maximization. 21 April 2025.
• [7] OMV Petrom. OMV Petrom Strengthens its Presence on the Romanian Bitumen Market. 27 August 2025.
• [8] Sika Corporation. Sika Launches SikaShield, an Innovative Membrane, into the US Market. 10 February 2025.
• [9] Nynas AB (publ). Robust Operational Performance Delivering Strong Cash Flow and Clear Strategy to Drive Value. Full-year 2024 results announcement. 15 May 2025.
• [10] Fraport AG. Fraport Tests Sustainable Asphalt Based on Cashew Nuts. 31 October 2024.
• [11] Directa Plus plc. Annual Report and Accounts 2024, asphalt applications including GiPave at Imola and selection for Rome Jubilee resurfacing. 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https://www.directa-plus.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/3147-Directa-Plus-24AR_final.pdf
• [12] Sika AG. Sika further strengthens local presence by acquiring waterproofing company in the UAE. 26 October 2026. Accessed 2 November 2026. https://www.sika.com/en/media/media-releases/2026/sika-acquiring-waterproofing-company-in-the-uae.html
• [13] Federal Highway Administration. Highly Modified Asphalt: How-To Document. Accessed 2 November 2026. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/tops/pubs/TOPS_HiMA_How_To_Report_508.pdf
• [14] Shell India. General Terms & Conditions Applicable to supply of Shell branded bitumen products and services. Accessed 2 November 2026. https://www.shell.in/terms-and-conditions/terms-conditions-applicable-to-bitumen-products.html
• [15] TotalEnergies Bitumen. The Digital Portal for Bitumen customers. 12 October 2020. Accessed 2 November 2026. https://bitumen.totalenergies.com/digital-portal-bitumen-customers
• [16] Colas. Bitumen: Production, Procurement and Distribution. Accessed 2 November 2026. https://www.colas.com/en/our-activities/industries/bitumen-production-distribution
• [17] TotalEnergies UK. Bitumen for industrial applications. Accessed 2 November 2026. https://totalenergies.co.uk/business-products/bitumen-for-industrial-applications
• [18] Council of the European Union. Trans-European transport network (TEN-T): Council gives final green light to new regulation ensuring better and sustainable connectivity in Europe. 13 June 2024. Accessed 2 November 2026. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/06/13/trans-european-transport-network-ten-t-council-gives-final-green-light-to-new-regulation-ensuring-better-and-sustainable-connectivity-in-europe/
• [19] Florida Department of Transportation. Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, FY2026-27, Section 916: Bituminous Materials, subsections 916-1 and 916-2.1. Accessed 3 November 2026. https://fdotwww.blob.core.windows.net/sitefinity/docs/default-source/specifications/by-year/fy-2026-27/ebook/fy-2026-27-ebook-compressed.pdf?sfvrsn=be872b87_2